Systematic Study of Microplastic Fiber Release from 12 Different Polyester Textiles during Washing

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Materials Science
• Textile Engineering

Background:

• Microplastic fibers (MPFs) are a major component of freshwater microplastic pollution.
• Synthetic textile washing is a primary source of these MPFs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the sources of MPF release during textile washing.
• To quantify MPF release from different textile types and cutting methods.

Main Methods:

• Standardized washing tests were performed on 12 textile types using five cutting/sewing methods.
• Microplastic fiber quantity and length were analyzed using image analysis.
• MPF release was quantified per gram of textile per wash cycle for up to 10 washes.

Main Results:

• MPF release varied significantly across textiles (210–72,000 MPF/g).
• Scissor-cut samples released 3-21 times more MPFs than laser-cut samples.
• Mechanically processed textiles (e.g., fleece) released significantly more MPFs (p < 0.001).
• MPF release decreased with washing cycles, with edges contributing 84% on average to total release.

Conclusions:

• Textile cutting methods, particularly edge treatment, are critical in controlling MPF release.
• Laser-cutting significantly reduces MPF shedding compared to other methods.
• Manufacturing processes can be optimized to minimize MPF formation and release from textiles.