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Cortical complexity and gyrification patterns in Parkinson's disease.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) shows reduced cortical complexity (local fractional dimension, LFD) in specific brain regions, unlike gyrification (LGI). LFD may serve as a sensitive biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring PD progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Computational Anatomy

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor function.
  • Cortical complexity and gyrification are potential neuroimaging markers for brain changes.
  • Previous studies have explored structural alterations in PD, but specific complexity measures require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortical complexity using local fractional dimension (LFD) and gyrification patterns using local gyrification index (LGI) in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • To compare LFD and LGI between PD patients and healthy controls (HC).
  • To examine the correlation between structural changes and clinical indices in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 60 PD patients and 56 HC.
  • Brain structural MRI data analyzed using Computational Anatomy Toolbox (CAT12) for LFD and LGI estimation.
  • Statistical analysis performed using statistical parametric mapping 12 (SPM12) on a vertex level.

Main Results:

  • PD patients exhibited widespread LFD reductions in cortical areas including the precentral, postcentral, superior frontal, caudal middle frontal, superior parietal, and superior temporal cortex compared to HC.
  • No significant differences in LGI were found between PD patients and HC.
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between LFD in the left postcentral cortex and the duration of illness (DOI) in PD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Widespread reductions in LFD, but not LGI, suggest LFD is a more sensitive biomarker for PD.
  • LFD may provide specific information about PD pathophysiology.
  • LFD in the left postcentral cortex could serve as a biomarker for monitoring PD progression.