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Caffeine Consumption in Children: Innocuous or Deleterious? A Systematic Review
Yeyetzi C Torres-Ugalde1, Angélica Romero-Palencia2, Alma D Román-Gutiérrez3
1Academic Area of Nutrition, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42086, Mexico.
Caffeine consumption negatively impacts children's growth and development. However, it also activates the central nervous system and aids brain energy management in young consumers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Caffeine is the world's most prevalent psychostimulant.
- Its consumption by children is a subject of ongoing debate.
- Concerns exist regarding caffeine's potential adverse effects on pediatric growth and development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify the specific changes caffeine induces in children under 12.
- To pinpoint relevant alterations and the conditions under which they occur.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Extensive database searches (EBSCO, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Clarivate Analytics) yielded 5468 articles.
- Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria for final analysis.
Main Results:
- Caffeine consumption was found to impede children's physical growth and overall development.
- Conversely, caffeine demonstrated a positive effect on central nervous system activation.
- The study also noted caffeine's role in supporting brain energy management.
Conclusions:
- Caffeine intake poses risks to children's growth and development.
- Caffeine offers benefits for central nervous system activation and brain energy.
- Further research is warranted to balance risks and benefits in pediatric populations.
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