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Stem cell differentiation-induced calcium silicate cement with bacteriostatic activity.

Shu-Ching Huang1, Buor-Chang Wu, Shinn-Jyh Ding

  • 1School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. B
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Calcium silicate cements (CSCs) enhance human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis and show superior bacteriostatic activity compared to calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). CSCs are a promising alternative for bone defect repair.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

  • Calcium-based bone cements, including calcium phosphates (CPCs) and calcium silicates (CSCs), are vital in dental and orthopaedic applications for bone defect repair.
  • Both CPCs and CSCs possess favorable properties for clinical use, driving research into their comparative efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the in vitro osteogenesis and bacteriostatic properties of a commercial CPC (BoneSource) against a home-made CSC.
  • To specifically evaluate the capacity of each cement to facilitate human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro osteogenic activity assessed by incubating cement specimens with hMSCs.
  • Bacteriostatic activity evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using bacteriostasis ratio assays and inhibition zone examinations.

Main Results:

  • CSCs significantly promoted greater hMSC proliferation, osteogenic differentiation (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin), and mineralization nodule formation compared to CPCs.
  • CSCs effectively induced hMSC differentiation even without additional osteogenetic agents in the culture medium.
  • CSCs exhibited significantly enhanced bacteriostatic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria compared to CPCs.

Conclusions:

  • CSCs demonstrate superior osteogenic and bacteriostatic potential compared to CPCs.
  • CSCs are a valuable bioactive material for bone repair, effectively inducing cell differentiation and offering an alternative to CPCs.