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Hyperbranched polyesters as biodegradable and antibacterial additives.

Hadi Bakhshi1, Seema Agarwal

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Novel antibacterial and biodegradable additives, quaternary ammonium salt-functionalized hyperbranched poly(amino-ester)s (QAS-HPAEs), enhance polymer properties. Blending QAS-HPAEs with polycaprolactone (PCL) improves hydrophilicity and antibacterial activity while maintaining thermal stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Developing functional additives for polymers is crucial for enhancing material properties and introducing new functionalities.
  • Biodegradable polymers like polycaprolactone (PCL) offer environmental benefits but often require modification to improve performance.
  • Quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) are known for their antimicrobial properties, but their integration into biodegradable polymer matrices needs careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel hyperbranched poly(amino-ester)s (HPAEs) functionalized with quaternary ammonium salts (QAS-HPAEs).
  • To evaluate the potential of QAS-HPAEs as antibacterial and biodegradable additives for blending with conventional polymers.
  • To investigate the impact of QAS-HPAE incorporation on the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophilic properties of polycaprolactone (PCL).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hyperbranched poly(amino-ester)s followed by functionalization with quaternary ammonium salts.
  • Thermal analysis (e.g., TGA) to determine thermal stability of the synthesized materials.
  • Blending QAS-HPAEs with polycaprolactone (PCL) using thermal blending techniques.
  • Characterization of blended materials, including surface and bulk hydrophilicity, mechanical properties (elastic modulus, tensile strength), antibacterial activity assays (e.g., against E. coli, B. subtilis), and biodegradability tests.

Main Results:

  • QAS-HPAEs exhibited good thermal stability up to 192 °C, enabling thermal blending with polymers.
  • Blending QAS-HPAEs with PCL enhanced surface and bulk hydrophilicity.
  • Incorporation of 10 wt% QAS-HPAEs into PCL resulted in significant contact-killing activity against E. coli and B. subtilis.
  • Faster degradation rates were observed for PCL/QAS-HPAE blends compared to neat PCL, although esterase activity was inhibited at higher QAS-HPAE concentrations (20 wt%).

Conclusions:

  • Novel QAS-HPAEs are effective antibacterial and biodegradable additives for polymers.
  • The thermal stability of QAS-HPAEs allows for their integration into PCL via thermal blending.
  • The developed PCL/QAS-HPAE blends demonstrate promising applications as antimicrobial and biodegradable materials, with potential for controlled degradation.
  • Further research may be needed to optimize QAS-HPAE content to balance antimicrobial efficacy, biodegradability, and mechanical properties.