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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
The adrenal gland comprises two distinct...
4.0K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

4.3K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
4.3K
Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla

2.4K
The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
2.4K
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
1.5K
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

65.1K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
65.1K

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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

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Adrenal Incidentaloma.

Mark Sherlock1,2, Andrew Scarsbrook3, Afroze Abbas4

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Endocrine Reviews
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenal incidentalomas are common endocrine findings. Personalized management using imaging, endocrine tests, and clinical signs is crucial, with a focus on diagnosing autonomous cortisol secretion.

Keywords:
adrenal adenomaadrenal computed tomographyadrenal cortical carcinomaadrenal incidentalomaautonomous cortisol secretion

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Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
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Isolation, Fixation, and Immunofluorescence Imaging of Mouse Adrenal Glands
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Adrenal incidentaloma is a frequent endocrine diagnosis.
  • Management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Most cases require reassurance, but personalized evaluation is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for adrenal incidentalomas.
  • To highlight the importance of personalized patient evaluation.
  • To discuss the challenges in managing functional adrenal lesions, particularly autonomous cortisol secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Image analysis for adrenal masses.
  • Endocrine workup to assess hormonal function.
  • Clinical assessment of symptoms and signs.

Main Results:

  • Adrenocortical carcinoma is rare (<2% of cases).
  • Functional adrenal incidentalomas are more common (<10%).
  • Autonomous cortisol secretion presents a significant diagnostic and management challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized management based on imaging, endocrine tests, and clinical presentation is key.
  • Early detection and stratification will be enhanced by novel biomarkers.
  • Advances in surgery improve outcomes for adrenal incidentaloma patients.