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Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

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Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanism of heat transfer

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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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Joule-Thomson Effect01:21

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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
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2D PC3 as a promising thermoelectric material.

Kaptan Rajput1, Debesh R Roy2

  • 1Materials and Biophysics Group, Department of Applied Physics, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395007, India. drr@phy.svnit.ac.in.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|April 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Monolayer PC3 exhibits excellent thermoelectric properties, achieving a figure of merit (ZT) of approximately 1 across a wide temperature range (200-1200 K). This novel material shows dynamic stability and robustness, making it a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Thermoelectric materials convert heat energy into electrical energy, crucial for waste heat recovery and solid-state cooling.
  • Graphene and phosphorene are well-studied 2D materials with distinct electronic and thermoelectric properties.
  • Exploring novel 2D materials is essential for advancing thermoelectric device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermoelectric properties of monolayer PC3 for the first time.
  • To compare PC3 with graphene and phosphorene analogues.
  • To assess the stability and potential applications of PC3.

Main Methods:

  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) for structural, vibrational, and electronic properties.
  • Boltzmann Transport Theory (BTT) for thermoelectric property calculations.
  • Analysis of axial strain effects on electronic and thermoelectric behavior.

Main Results:

  • Monolayer PC3 is dynamically stable and robust, even in the presence of oxygen.
  • PC3 is an indirect band gap semiconductor, unlike graphene (zero gap) and phosphorene (direct gap).
  • Significant thermoelectric performance (ZT ∼ 1) observed over a broad temperature range (200-1200 K).

Conclusions:

  • Monolayer PC3 demonstrates excellent thermoelectric potential.
  • Its wide operating temperature range and stability suggest suitability for large-scale applications.
  • PC3 represents a promising new material for efficient thermoelectric energy conversion.