Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

9.2K
The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
9.2K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.0K
Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
3.0K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.2K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.2K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.4K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.4K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

2.3K
The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...
2.3K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

2.1K
Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
2.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization in Biomass-Derived Solvents: Sustainable Approach in Polymer Chemistry.

ACS polymers Au·2026
Same author

Development of Smart Surfaces for Medicine and Biotechnology: Advances in Glass Functionalization through RDRP Techniques.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2025
Same author

Functionalization of Cotton by Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes for Potential Use as Smart Dressings.

ACS applied polymer materials·2025
Same author

Controlled Polymer Synthesis Toward Green Chemistry: Deep Insights into Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Biobased Substitutes for Polar Aprotic Solvents.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2024
Same author

Bio-Inspired Iron Pentadentate Complexes as Dioxygen Activators in the Oxidation of Cyclohexene and Limonene.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Induction of Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells by Overexpression of hTau40 and Its Mitigation by Redox-Active Nanoparticles.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.3K

Low Ppm Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in (Mini)Emulsion Systems.

Karolina Surmacz1, Paweł Chmielarz2

  • 1Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 8, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in aqueous emulsion systems. It compares dual vs. single catalytic approaches for industrial applications in medicine and electronics.

Keywords:
dispersed medialow ppm ATRPminiemulsionwell-defined polymers

More Related Videos

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.9K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.3K
Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst
07:39

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: June 8, 2016

9.9K
Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is gaining significant interest, particularly in aqueous dispersion systems.
  • Emulsion and miniemulsion polymerization offer industrial advantages like efficient heat management and cost reduction using water as a dispersant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize various atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) methods employed in emulsion media.
  • To compare different initiating systems, focusing on dual versus single catalytic approaches.
  • To explore future development directions for ATRP in emulsion systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ATRP in emulsion and miniemulsion systems.
  • Comparative analysis of interfacial and ion pair catalysis in dual and single catalytic systems.
  • Discussion of initiating system variants for aqueous dispersion polymerization.

Main Results:

  • Emulsion and miniemulsion provide effective media for ATRP, facilitating industrial scale-up.
  • Dual catalytic approaches, including interfacial and ion pair catalysis, offer distinct advantages over single catalytic methods.
  • Various initiating systems are suitable for aqueous dispersion ATRP, with specific benefits depending on the application.

Conclusions:

  • ATRP in aqueous emulsion systems is a viable and industrially relevant polymerization technique.
  • The choice between dual and single catalytic systems, and specific initiating variants, impacts polymerization efficiency and control.
  • Further development of these methods holds promise for advanced applications in the biomedical and electronics sectors.