Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 24, 2025
06:28
A Networked Desktop Virtual Reality Setup for Decision Science and Navigation Experiments with Multiple Participants
Published on: August 26, 2018
6.2K
Onlife Extremism: Dynamic Integration of Digital and Physical Spaces in Radicalization
Daniele Valentini1, Anna Maria Lorusso2, Achim Stephan1
1Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
Frontiers in Psychology
|April 10, 2020
Summary
Online and offline radicalization are interconnected, occurring in hybrid "onlife" spaces. Counter-measures must integrate digital and physical strategies to effectively address extremist fusion of online and real-world activities.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Political Science
- Communication Studies
Background:
- Counter-terrorism strategies often treat online and offline radicalization as separate issues.
- Information communication technologies (ICTs) enable extremists to merge digital and physical environments.
- Radicalization increasingly occurs in hybrid 'onlife' spaces, blending online and offline experiences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To argue for an integrated approach to understanding online and offline radicalization.
- To examine how algorithms shape social media information based on user activity.
- To analyze the Islamic State's promotion of 'onlife' radicalization strategies.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of how algorithms structure social media content.
- Tracking of user online and offline activities.
- Case study of the Islamic State's use of Telegram, media techniques, and videos in Syria.
Main Results:
- Radicalization occurs in 'onlife' hybrid environments.
- Algorithms leverage user data to influence radicalization pathways.
- The Islamic State effectively utilized digital platforms to connect online propaganda with physical territories.
Conclusions:
- Current counter-radicalization efforts need recalibration to address the integrated nature of online and offline radicalization.
- Future counter-measures should consider the 'onlife' dimension of extremist activities.
- Theoretical and practical advancements are needed for effective counter-terrorism in hybrid spaces.
Related Concept Videos
01:01Group Polarization
38.3K
Group polarization is the strengthening of an original group attitude following the discussion of views within a group (Teger & Pruitt, 1967). That is, if a group initially favors a viewpoint, after discussion the group consensus is likely a stronger endorsement of the viewpoint. Conversely, if the group was initially opposed to a viewpoint, group discussion would likely lead to stronger opposition.
38.3K
01:30Social Foundations of Self IV: Self in Digital Communication
130
Since the early 2000s, computer-mediated communication (CMC) has grown rapidly, playing a crucial role in self-development. A key distinction between CMC and real-life interactions is the lack of a physically present partner. This absence makes non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, body language, and paralinguistic signals unavailable in CMC platforms like email, instant messaging, or social media. The lack of these cues can create ambiguity and complicate how feedback is interpreted.The...
130
01:03Radical Formation: Overview
2.5K
A bond can be broken either by heterolytic bond cleavage to form ions or homolytic bond cleavage to yield radicals. A fishhook arrow is used to represent the motion of a single electron in homolytic bond cleavage. There are two main sources from which radicals can be formed:
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
Radicals from spin-paired molecules:
Radicals can be obtained from spin-paired molecules either by homolysis or electron transfer. While two radicals are formed in the former, an electron is added in the...
2.5K
00:47Radical Formation: Abstraction
4.1K
The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
Even though homolysis produces radicals, it is different from radical...
4.1K
01:11Radical Reactivity: Overview
2.6K
Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired...
2.6K
00:47Radical Formation: Addition
2.1K
Radicals can be formed by adding a radical to a spin-paired molecule. This is typically observed with unsaturated species, where the addition of a radical across the π bond leads to the production of a new radical by dissolving the π bond. For example, the addition of a Br radical to an alkene yields a carbon-centered radical.
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
Similar to charge conservation in chemical reactions, spin conservation is implicit for radical reactions. Accordingly, the product formed must possess an...
2.1K