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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Effective map design is crucial for pedestrian wayfinding, especially in complex public environments.
  • Crowd movement can significantly impact navigation efficiency and user experience.
  • Previous research has explored map design but often overlooks dynamic crowd interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how map complexity and crowd movement influence wayfinding performance.
  • To assess navigation time, accuracy, and hesitation in virtual reality (VR) and online settings.
  • To provide insights for designing better maps for public spaces.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted three studies using online and networked virtual reality (VR) platforms.
  • Manipulated map complexity (simple vs. complex) and simulated crowd movement.
  • Measured wayfinding time, accuracy, and hesitation points.

Main Results:

  • Simple maps resulted in faster decision times and higher accuracy in the online study.
  • In VR, co-present participants exhibited minimal errors.
  • An interaction between map design and crowd movement was observed, affecting decision time and hesitation locations in a simulated conflicting direction scenario.

Conclusions:

  • Map simplicity enhances wayfinding efficiency, reducing cognitive load.
  • Crowd movement dynamics are a critical factor interacting with map design.
  • Findings inform the design of public space maps by considering real-world crowd behavior.