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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Memory and Memory-Like NK Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens.

Marc Brillantes1,2,3, Aimee M Beaulieu1,2

  • 1Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|April 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural killer (NK) cells, traditionally innate immune cells, can exhibit memory-like responses. Recent studies show these memory NK cell responses occur in various infections and immunizations across species.

Keywords:
adaptive NK cellsinfectionmemory NK cellsmemory-like NK cellsnatural killer cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial cytotoxic lymphocytes for innate immunity against pathogens and cancer.
  • Historically classified as innate immune cells, emerging evidence suggests NK cells possess memory or memory-like capabilities.
  • These memory-like responses have been observed in various immunological contexts beyond initial reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize recent research on memory or memory-like responses in NK cells.
  • To highlight the occurrence of these responses in the context of infections and immunizations.
  • To consolidate findings from studies in animal models and human/primate subjects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating NK cell memory.
  • Analysis of data from experimental models of infection (viral, bacterial).
  • Examination of findings from immunization protocols and clinical studies in humans and non-human primates.

Main Results:

  • Memory-like NK cell responses have been documented in diverse settings, including cytomegalovirus infection and delayed-type hypersensitivity.
  • Evidence indicates these responses are not limited to mouse models but are also observed in humans and non-human primates.
  • Various viral and bacterial infections, along with specific immunization strategies, can elicit memory-like NK cell activity.

Conclusions:

  • NK cells demonstrate a capacity for immunological memory, challenging their purely innate classification.
  • Memory-like NK cell responses are a significant factor in adaptive immunity against infectious agents.
  • Further research into NK cell memory mechanisms is warranted for therapeutic applications in infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.