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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
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Temporal discounting does not influence body mass index.

Megan L Veillard1, Benjamin T Vincent1

  • 1Discipline of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.

Physiology & Behavior
|April 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delay discounting, the preference for immediate rewards, is not significantly linked to Body Mass Index (BMI) in new empirical data. Existing meta-analyses show a very weak correlation, questioning its practical significance for obesity research.

Keywords:
Body mass indexDelay discountingInter-temporal choiceObesityTemporal discountingUnderweight

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral economics
  • Obesity research
  • Psychological science

Background:

  • Rising obesity rates prompt investigation into cognitive and behavioral economic factors influencing Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • Delay discounting, the tendency to prefer smaller sooner rewards over larger later rewards, is a hypothesized contributor to higher BMI.
  • Existing literature presents mixed findings, with meta-analyses indicating only a minimal correlation between delay discounting and BMI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the empirical relationship between delay discounting (monetary and weight loss rewards) and Body Mass Index (BMI).
  • To test the hypothesis that delay discounting moderates the rate of BMI gain over time.
  • To contextualize new empirical findings within a Bayesian meta-analysis of existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Novel empirical data collection from 381 participants.
  • Bayesian analyses to assess the relationship between discounting and BMI.
  • Random effects Bayesian meta-analysis incorporating new and existing data.

Main Results:

  • No significant relationship was found between delay discounting of monetary or weight loss rewards and current BMI in the empirical data.
  • Evidence did not support the hypothesis that delay discounting moderates BMI gain over time.
  • A Bayesian meta-analysis indicated a small overall correlation (2.25% shared variance), but with significant study-level heterogeneity, warranting caution.

Conclusions:

  • The empirical findings suggest no substantial link between delay discounting and BMI.
  • Meta-analytic results, while showing a small correlation, are limited by study heterogeneity, suggesting caution in interpretation.
  • The theoretical appeal of delay discounting in explaining BMI is tempered by weak empirical and meta-analytic evidence, questioning its practical significance.