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Engineering Ratiometric Persistent Luminous Sensor Arrays for Biothiols Identification.

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    A novel sensor array using dual-emission persistent luminescence nanoparticles (D-PLNPs) and metal ions (MIs) can now differentiate six thiols. This breakthrough enables sensitive detection of thiols in complex biological samples like blood serum.

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    Area of Science:

    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Nanotechnology
    • Biomedical Sensing

    Background:

    • Thiols are crucial in physiology but difficult to distinguish due to similar structures.
    • Persistent luminescence (PersL) offers low background and high discrimination, but challenges remain in its application for thiol sensing.
    • Developing selective and sensitive methods for thiol detection is vital for understanding biological processes and disease diagnostics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel metal ion-triggered ratiometric persistent luminescence (R-PersL) sensor array for discriminating multiple thiols.
    • To fabricate and characterize dual-emission persistent luminescence nanoparticles (D-PLNPs) for enhanced sensing capabilities.
    • To demonstrate the array's ability to identify thiol "fingerprints" and detect thiols in biological matrices.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of core-shell structured, carboxyl-functionalized D-PLNPs (CSD-PLNPs).
    • Investigation of metal ion (MI) interactions with CSD-PLNPs to induce ratiometric persistent luminescence (R-PersL) signal changes.
    • Development of a sensor array combining CSD-PLNPs-COOH and specific MIs for thiol discrimination.

    Main Results:

    • Metal ions exhibited differential regulation of the two main emission bands in CSD-PLNPs, enabling R-PersL signal transduction.
    • The developed sensor array successfully generated unique R-PersL "fingerprint" patterns for six distinct thiols.
    • The system demonstrated high sensitivity and differentiation for thiols in human blood serum samples.

    Conclusions:

    • The MIs-triggered R-PersL sensor array provides a powerful platform for complex thiol discrimination.
    • The autofluorescence-free nature and high-throughput signal output of this system offer significant advantages for biosensing.
    • This work paves the way for multiparameter sensing of complex analytes in biological and clinical applications.