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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

High Precision Zinc Isotopic Measurements Applied to Mouse Organs
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Elemental Barcoding Beyond Optics: Metal-Isotopic Suspension Array for Emerging High-Throughput Diagnostics.

Zili Huang1, Xiao-Kang Lun2,3, Rui Liu4

  • 1Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|April 24, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal-isotopic barcoding coupled with mass spectrometry overcomes optical limitations for highly multiplexed bioassays. This approach enhances sensitivity and scalability for precision medicine diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Precision medicine relies on comprehensive molecular profiling of diseased tissues and liquid biopsies.
  • Suspension arrays, particularly those using optical barcoding, offer broad biomarker coverage but face scalability limits due to constrained color palettes and spectral crosstalk.
  • Metal-isotopic barcoding strategies coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) offer a solution by using distinct metal isotopes for orthogonal detection, overcoming optical limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of cytometric suspension arrays and highlight breakthroughs in scalability using metal-isotopic barcoding.
  • To present a conceptual framework and recent advances in metal nanoparticle tagging for enhanced sensitivity and programmable barcoding in suspension arrays.
  • To discuss the potential of these advanced barcoding strategies to reshape biological discovery, multiplexing capacity, and clinical diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Metal-isotopic barcoding using combinatorial patterns of nonradioactive metal isotopes with distinct atomic masses for sample identity encoding.
  • Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for intrinsically orthogonal detection with minimal crosstalk.
  • Mass cytometry, a specialized ICP-MS platform for single-cell analysis, capable of resolving numerous mass channels for molecular tagging and barcoding.
  • Metal nanoparticle tagging for signal amplification and enhancement of sensitivity in pooled-sample bioassays.

Main Results:

  • Metal-isotopic barcoding significantly alleviates multiplexing challenges faced by optical methods, enabling quantification of a greater number of analytes simultaneously.
  • Mass cytometry platforms can utilize over 60 mass channels for barcoding, facilitating highly scalable suspension array technologies.
  • Metal nanoparticle tagging has demonstrated potential as signal amplifiers in ICP-based mass spectrometry and enables controllable nanoparticle accumulation and self-assembly for facile and scalable barcode designs.

Conclusions:

  • Metal-isotopic barcoding represents a significant advancement over optical barcoding, offering enhanced scalability and reduced crosstalk for high-throughput bioassays.
  • Metal nanoparticle tagging strategies provide a pathway to break through limitations in bioassay sensitivity and programmable barcoding for next-generation suspension arrays.
  • These evolving barcoding strategies are poised to usher in a post-fluorescence era, enabling ultrasensitive, high-throughput precision medicine and transforming clinical diagnostics.