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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Knowledge About One's Dementia Status
Pei-Jung Lin1, Joanna Emerson1, Jessica D Faul2
1Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|April 14, 2020
Summary
Many individuals with dementia are unaware of their diagnosis, with lower awareness among Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black populations compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Targeted outreach is crucial for diverse communities with high dementia prevalence and low awareness.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Public Health
- Neurology and Epidemiology
Background:
- Dementia diagnosis awareness is critical for patient care and management.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare are well-documented, potentially impacting dementia status knowledge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in awareness of one's dementia status among older adults.
- To identify factors associated with knowing one's dementia diagnosis.
Main Methods:
- A prospective cohort study using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2000-2014).
- Included 4,065 unique participants aged 70+ with dementia, identified via a validated prediction model.
- Dementia status awareness was self-reported, with analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics.
Main Results:
- Less than half of individuals with dementia reported being informed by their physician.
- Awareness was lower for Hispanic (25.9%-42.2%) and non-Hispanic Black (31.4%-50.5%) individuals compared to non-Hispanic Whites (47.7%-52.9%).
- Lower awareness was associated with being non-Hispanic Black (OR=0.74) or Hispanic (OR=0.60) compared to non-Hispanic Whites.
Conclusions:
- Significant racial and ethnic disparities exist in dementia diagnosis awareness.
- Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic individuals with dementia are disproportionately unaware of their condition.
- Future dementia outreach programs must target diverse communities with high prevalence and low awareness.
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