Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Epidemiologic methods in clinical trials.

K J Rothman

    Cancer
    |April 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Epidemiologic methods for controlling confounding apply to experiments. Careful assessment and control of confounding factors, like by stratification, are crucial for accurate experimental results, even with randomization.

    Related Concept Videos

    You might also read

    Related Articles

    Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

    Sort by
    Same author

    Preconception sleep duration, non-daytime work schedules, and incidence of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.

    Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2023
    Same author

    Self-reported periodontitis and fecundability in a population of pregnancy planners.

    Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2021
    Same author

    Male cellular telephone exposure, fecundability, and semen quality: results from two preconception cohort studies.

    Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2021
    Same author

    Male alcohol consumption and fecundability.

    Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2020
    Same author

    Lubricant use during intercourse and time to pregnancy: a prospective cohort study.

    BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology·2018
    Same author

    Cohort study of malignancies and hospitalized infectious events in treated and untreated patients with psoriasis and a general population in the United States.

    The British journal of dermatology·2015
    Same journal

    Real-world effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens after immunotherapy in patients with advanced melanoma in Spain: Results from the GEM1801 study.

    Cancer·2026
    Same journal

    Bendamustine in indolent lymphoma: Letting the dust settle down.

    Cancer·2026
    Same journal

    Top advances of the year: Bispecific antibodies in early lines of therapy in multiple myeloma.

    Cancer·2026
    Same journal

    Direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in atrial fibrillation patients with cancer by anticoagulation quality.

    Cancer·2026
    Same journal

    Sexual orientation and gender identity based disparities in colorectal, cervical, and breast cancer screening in the United States.

    Cancer·2026
    Same journal

    Toward exercise as standard care for older cancer survivors.

    Cancer·2026
    See all related articles

    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Biostatistics
    • Experimental Design

    Background:

    • Confounding is a significant challenge in observational studies, potentially biasing results.
    • While randomization is used in experiments to minimize confounding, it is not always sufficient, especially in smaller studies.
    • Existing epidemiologic methods for confounding control are adaptable to experimental settings.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the applicability of epidemiologic confounding control methods in experimental research.
    • To emphasize the importance of assessing and managing confounding in experiments beyond randomization.
    • To guide researchers on appropriate methods for confounding assessment and control in experimental studies.

    Main Methods:

    • Discusses the adaptation of non-experimental confounding control techniques for experimental designs.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Recommends assessing the extent of confounding for each risk indicator.
  • Proposes stratification and multivariate analysis as key methods for confounding control.

    • Main Results:

    • Random allocation does not entirely eliminate confounding, with its effectiveness inversely related to group size.
    • Confounding should be assessed by comparing crude and unconfounded effect estimates, not significance tests.
    • Stratification is presented as a primary, effective method for controlling confounding.

    Conclusions:

    • Epidemiologic methods for confounding control are essential and applicable in experimental studies.
    • Researchers must actively assess and control confounding in experiments to ensure valid findings.
    • Multivariate analysis and stratification are recommended for comprehensive confounding management.