Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.7K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.7K
Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems01:23

Root Loci for Positive-Feedback Systems

269
The Hartley oscillator is a positive feedback system that sustains oscillations by feeding the output back to the input in phase, thereby reinforcing the signal. Positive feedback systems can be viewed as negative feedback systems with inverted feedback signals. In these systems, the root locus encompasses all points on the s-plane where the angle of the system transfer function equals 360 degrees.
The construction rules for the root locus in positive feedback systems are similar to those in...
269
Directional Relays01:25

Directional Relays

509
Directional relays, essential for managing unidirectional fault currents, enhance the safety and efficiency of power systems. On power lines equipped with directional relays, faults downstream (to the right) of the current transformer typically cause the fault current to lag the bus voltage by approximately 90 degrees, known as the forward direction. In contrast, upstream (left-side) faults may result in the fault current leading the bus voltage by nearly 90 degrees, termed the reverse...
509
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.0K
Network Function of a Circuit01:25

Network Function of a Circuit

545
Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
545
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

442
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
442

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MRI radiomics combined with clinical factors to predict vessels encapsulating tumor clusters and early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 3 cm).

BMC medical imaging·2026
Same author

Finding a predictive index for evaluating the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced gastric cancer patients.

World journal of surgical oncology·2026
Same author

Perilesional radiomics enhances 90-day outcome prediction in intracerebral hemorrhage: development and validation of a combined model with hematoma radiomics and clinical features.

BMC medical imaging·2026
Same author

Event-triggered pinning synchronization of stochastic complex networks under hybrid attacks.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Znhit1-mediated H2A.Z deposition governs transcriptional programs essential for oocyte meiotic progression.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Preoperative assessment of split renal function in patients with renal cell carcinoma by APTw driven multiparameter MRI.

BMC medical imaging·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

1000

Observer-Based Consensus Protocol for Directed Switching Networks With a Leader of Nonzero Inputs.

Peijun Wang, Guanghui Wen, Tingwen Huang

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |April 15, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study addresses consensus tracking in networked systems with switching topologies. It develops observers and feedback protocols to ensure agents achieve coordinated behavior, even with unknown inputs and changing network structures.

    More Related Videos

    Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
    10:44

    Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

    Published on: December 7, 2021

    2.6K
    Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
    07:05

    Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

    Published on: September 10, 2018

    6.3K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
    05:30

    Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    1000
    Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
    10:44

    Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

    Published on: December 7, 2021

    2.6K
    Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
    07:05

    Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

    Published on: September 10, 2018

    6.3K

    Area of Science:

    • Control Theory
    • Networked Systems
    • Systems Engineering

    Background:

    • Consensus tracking is crucial for coordinated behavior in distributed systems.
    • Networked systems with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) and directed switching topologies present significant control challenges.
    • Unknown inputs and norm-bounded leader signals complicate achieving consensus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design observers and feedback protocols for consensus tracking in MIMO linear networked systems.
    • To address challenges posed by directed switching topologies and unknown inputs.
    • To ensure reliable coordinated behavior in dynamic network environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Design of full-order and reduced-order unknown input observers (UIOs).
    • Development of discontinuous and continuous feedback protocols.
    • Application of average dwell time (ADT) and boundary layer techniques.
    • Stability analysis of switched systems.

    Main Results:

    • Consensus tracking achieved under specific average dwell time conditions using discontinuous protocols.
    • Consensus error converges to a bounded set with continuous protocols.
    • Reduced-order UIOs enable asymptotic consensus error convergence with discontinuous protocols.
    • Bounded consensus error convergence with continuous protocols using reduced-order UIOs.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed observer-based control strategies effectively achieve consensus tracking in complex networked systems.
    • Both discontinuous and continuous feedback protocols offer viable solutions, with different convergence properties.
    • The findings are validated through simulations, demonstrating practical applicability.