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A preference driven multi-criteria optimization tool for HVAC design and operation.

Jovan Pantelic1, Benny Raphael1, Kwok Wai Tham1

  • 1Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, 117566 Singapore, Singapore.

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This study introduces RR-PARETO2, a new tool for multi-criteria decision-making in HVAC design. It helps select optimal air exchange rates balancing energy use, comfort, and infection risk.

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Airborne infection riskEnergyMixing ventilationMulti-criteria optimizationPersonalized ventilationThermal comfort

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Area of Science:

  • Engineering
  • Building Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Selecting optimal design solutions involves balancing multiple, often conflicting, criteria.
  • Existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tools may not adequately address performance bands and trade-offs in complex systems like HVAC.
  • HVAC systems significantly impact energy consumption, indoor thermal comfort, and airborne disease transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and demonstrate the application of a novel MCDM tool, RR-PARETO2.
  • To illustrate how RR-PARETO2 can be used to select optimal HVAC design solutions within a multi-criteria optimization framework.
  • To show how conflicting objectives, such as reducing infection risk and energy consumption, can be managed in HVAC design.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of the RR-PARETO2 MCDM tool.
  • Utilizing an HVAC design example with five criteria: power consumption, thermal comfort, airborne infection risk (influenza, tuberculosis), and effective differential temperature (Δt_eq).
  • Analysis of two scenarios: influenza outbreak (prioritizing infection prevention) and high energy prices (prioritizing energy reduction).

Main Results:

  • RR-PARETO2 successfully identified optimal air exchange rates in both studied scenarios.
  • The tool facilitated reasonable trade-offs among conflicting objectives, demonstrating its utility in complex design problems.
  • Solutions were selected that balanced infection control, thermal comfort, and energy efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • RR-PARETO2 is an effective tool for multi-criteria decision-making in HVAC system design.
  • The framework allows for the integration of public health and energy efficiency goals into practical HVAC solutions.
  • Optimizing air exchange rates using RR-PARETO2 can lead to improved building performance and occupant well-being.