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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

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Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
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Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

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Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
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Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
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Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

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This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction
04:25

Capsular Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae Using the Quellung Reaction

Published on: February 24, 2014

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Nonstreptococcal pharyngitis.

Michael Green1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. USA.

Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pharyngitis is common in children. While Group A Streptococcus causes about 30% of cases, this review examines other bacteria and viruses responsible for the remaining 70% of pharyngitis infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Clinical diagnostics

Background:

  • Pharyngitis is a frequent pediatric diagnosis in the U.S.
  • Group A ß-hemolytic streptococci (GAS) cause only about 30% of symptomatic pharyngitis cases.
  • The remaining 70% are attributed to diverse pathogens, including other bacteria and viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence implicating non-GAS ß-hemolytic streptococci, other bacteria, and viruses in pharyngitis.
  • To provide diagnostic and management recommendations for pharyngitis caused by these alternative pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on bacterial and viral pharyngitis.
  • Analysis of evidence for causative roles in sporadic and outbreak cases.
  • Synthesis of current diagnostic and treatment guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports the role of various pathogens beyond *Streptococcus pyogenes* in pharyngitis.
  • Specific bacterial and viral agents are frequently implicated in the remaining 70% of cases.
  • Outbreaks and sporadic infections involve a spectrum of microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis and management of pharyngitis should consider pathogens beyond *S. pyogenes*.
  • Updated recommendations are needed for comprehensive pharyngitis care.
  • Further research may clarify the etiology of undiagnosed pharyngitis cases.