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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Integration of Wet and Dry Bench Processes Optimizes Targeted Next-generation Sequencing of Low-quality and Low-quantity Tumor Biopsies
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Toward a More Precise Future for Oncology.

Yonina R Murciano-Goroff1, Barry S Taylor2, David M Hyman3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Cancer Cell
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic characterization guides personalized cancer therapy, but complexity requires improved strategies. Future research will enhance drug design, patient selection, and clinical trials for better outcomes.

Keywords:
clinical trial designdrug developmentgenome-driven oncologyprecision oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Prospective molecular tumor characterization allows real-time genomic profiling for personalized cancer treatment selection.
  • Despite advances, significant biological and therapeutic complexities in genome-driven oncology are becoming apparent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize lessons learned from genome-driven oncology.
  • To propose strategies for advancing personalized cancer therapies.
  • To suggest improvements for next-generation clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current knowledge in molecular cancer characterization.
  • Analysis of challenges and complexities in implementing personalized therapies.
  • Formulation of recommendations for drug design, patient selection, and therapy optimization.

Main Results:

  • Identification of emerging biological and therapeutic complexities in genome-driven oncology.
  • Development of strategies to enhance personalized cancer care.
  • Proposals for evolving clinical trials to accelerate research and improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Genome-driven oncology offers significant promise but requires addressing emergent complexities.
  • Strategic advancements in drug design, patient selection, and therapy optimization are crucial.
  • Next-generation clinical trials are essential for deepening our understanding and improving patient results.