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Work distribution in thermal processes.

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  • 1Unidade Acadêmica de Educação a Distância e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We derived the moment generating function for nonequilibrium work in open thermal systems. This key finding simplifies analyzing thermal processes in various physical systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Understanding the statistical properties of work in open quantum systems is crucial for thermodynamics.
  • Analyzing non-equilibrium processes requires robust theoretical frameworks.
  • Stochastic thermodynamics provides tools to study energy fluctuations in small systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive and analyze the moment generating function (MGF) for nonequilibrium work in open systems undergoing thermal processes.
  • To develop a general method applicable to various physical scenarios.
  • To validate the theoretical findings through numerical simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of the moment generating function (MGF) for nonequilibrium work.
  • Utilizing a temperature-like scalar governed by an ordinary differential equation.
  • Application to paradigmatic systems: levitated nanoparticle, Brownian particle in a box, and a two-state system.
  • Comparison with Monte Carlo simulations for validation.

Main Results:

  • The moment generating function (MGF) for nonequilibrium work was successfully derived.
  • A temperature-like scalar satisfying a first-order ODE was identified as key.
  • The MGF was obtained for different timescales in applied systems.
  • Theoretical results showed good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The derived MGF provides a powerful tool for analyzing nonequilibrium work in open thermal systems.
  • The method is broadly applicable to diverse physical systems, from quantum to classical.
  • This work advances the understanding of thermodynamics in non-equilibrium regimes.