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Controllable pH Manipulations in Micro/Nanofluidic Device Using Nanoscale Electrokinetics.

Jae Suk Park1,2, Jeewhan Oh1, Sung Jae Kim1,2,3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Micromachines
|April 16, 2020
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Summary

This study harnesses ion concentration polarization (ICP)-induced pH changes, creating tunable pH gradients for biomolecule stimulation and developing pH-responsive hydrogels for novel sensor applications.

Keywords:
electrokineticsion concentration polarizationperm-selective ion transportationreversibility

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Area of Science:

  • Electrokinetics
  • Nanoscale phenomena
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Ion concentration polarization (ICP) is a nanoscale electrokinetic phenomenon.
  • ICP often leads to significant, unavoidable pH changes in sample fluids.
  • Previous research focused on mitigating these pH changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel applications of ICP-induced pH changes.
  • To demonstrate tunable pH gradient generation.
  • To develop a pH-sensing mechanism using hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Applying electric current through a proton exchange membrane to create pH gradients in microchannels.
  • Utilizing pH-responsive hydrogels in microchannels to detect ICP.
  • Measuring electrical current changes based on hydrogel behavior at different pH levels.

Main Results:

  • Achieved well-defined, tunable pH gradients by controlling electric current.
  • Demonstrated that pH-responsive hydrogels act as nanojunctions or microjunctions based on solution pH.
  • Observed significant electrical current drops when hydrogels formed nanojunctions.

Conclusions:

  • ICP-induced pH changes can be effectively utilized, not just mitigated.
  • Tunable pH gradients offer potential for localized biomolecule stimulation.
  • pH-sensitive hydrogels can form the basis for portable pH sensors.