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Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Serum Uric Acid Level and Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Peng-Peng Niu1, Bo Song1, Xue Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|April 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigated the causal link between serum uric acid (UA) levels and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk using Mendelian randomization. Findings indicate no significant causal relationship between genetically determined UA levels and MS risk.

Keywords:
causalitymendelian randomization analysismultiple sclerosissingle-nucleotide polymorphismuric acid

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest lower serum uric acid (UA) levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The etiological role of UA in MS pathogenesis remains unclear.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) is a robust method to infer causality from observational data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if serum UA levels causally influence the risk of developing MS.
  • To investigate if MS risk causally influences serum UA levels.
  • To leverage genetic variants associated with UA as instrumental variables.

Main Methods:

  • Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for serum UA levels (n=110,347) and MS risk (n=65,737).
  • Employed various MR methods (inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger) and sensitivity analyses to assess causality and heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • No significant causal association was found between genetically predicted serum UA levels and MS risk (OR=1.05, 95% CI 0.92-1.19).
  • Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression, did not reveal significant horizontal pleiotropy or causality.
  • Reverse MR analysis also showed no significant association between genetically predicted MS risk and serum UA levels (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.02).

Conclusions:

  • This MR study does not support a causal role for serum UA levels in the etiology of MS.
  • Conversely, MS risk does not appear to causally affect serum UA levels.
  • The observed association in observational studies may be due to confounding factors or reverse causation.