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Recent Advances in Manufacturing Innovative Stents
Natalia Beshchasna1, Muhammad Saqib1, Honorata Kraskiewicz2
1Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Maria-Reiche-Str. 2, 01109 Dresden, Germany.
Pharmaceutics
|April 17, 2020
Summary
Advancements in stent technology, including drug-eluting stents (DES), aim to improve cardiovascular disease treatment by reducing restenosis and thrombosis. Ongoing research focuses on novel materials and designs for better biocompatibility and clinical outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Cardiovascular Engineering
- Medical Device Innovation
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases are a leading global cause of mortality.
- Arterial stenting is a key minimally invasive therapy for narrowed arteries.
- Bare-metal stents (BMS) have evolved significantly since 1986.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the evolution and current state of stent technology.
- To highlight advancements in stent materials, coatings, and designs.
- To discuss strategies for overcoming limitations like in-stent restenosis and thrombosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing stent types, including bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES).
- Analysis of various coating materials: organic polymers, biological components (e.g., VEGF), and inorganic coatings.
- Examination of antiproliferative drugs used in DES (e.g., paclitaxel, limus family).
Main Results:
- Stent technology has progressed from BMS to advanced DES with diverse coatings.
- Coatings enhance biocompatibility, control degradation, and promote endothelialization.
- DES utilize drugs and novel materials to reduce tissue hyperplasia and restenosis.
Conclusions:
- Continuous innovation in stent materials, coatings, and fabrication is crucial.
- Future stent solutions must balance efficacy (reducing restenosis/thrombosis) with biocompatibility and mechanical integrity.
- Significant potential exists for developing improved stent technologies.
