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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

In Situ Soil Moisture Sensors in Undisturbed Soils

Published on: November 18, 2022

Smart Sensors for Smart Grid Reliability.

Monica Alonso¹, Hortensia Amaris¹, Daniel Alcala²

¹Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 17, 2020

Summary

A novel smart sensor enhances smart grid protection by enabling real-time coordinated adjustments. This intelligent electronic device (IED) significantly improves short-circuit fault detection compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:

adaptive protection optimization reliability smart grid smart sensor

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Area of Science:

Electrical Engineering
Power Systems
Smart Grid Technology

Background:

Smart grids require efficient monitoring for protection and energy efficiency.
Existing protection devices (analog electromechanical relays, IEDs) lack real-time coordination and adaptive settings.
Rapid short-circuit detection is crucial to minimize damage and ensure safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a new smart sensor for smart grids.
To enable real-time, coordinated adjustment of sensor settings across the network.
To improve the speed and accuracy of short-circuit fault detection.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel smart sensor with dynamic adjustment capabilities.
Implementation of a coordinated protection scheme utilizing the smart sensors.
Testing the system on the IEEE 34-bus test system under various fault conditions and renewable energy integration.

Main Results:

The proposed smart sensor demonstrated significant improvements in short-circuit fault sensing.
Fault sensing was improved by up to 80% compared to analog electromechanical relays.
Fault sensing was improved by up to 64% compared to modern intelligent electronic devices (IEDs).

Conclusions:

The developed smart sensor and coordinated protection scheme effectively enhance smart grid fault detection.
Real-time adaptive settings and inter-sensor coordination are key to improving smart grid resilience.
The proposed solution offers a substantial advancement over existing protection technologies for smart grids.