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Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

18.6K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

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TranspoScope: interactive visualization of retrotransposon insertions.

Mark Grivainis1,2, Zuojian Tang1,2, David Fenyö1,2

  • 1Institute for Systems Genetics.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)
|April 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrotransposon insertions impact the human genome, influencing development and disease. A new tool, TranspoScope, visualizes this evidence in sequencing data.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Retrotransposition is a key driver of human genome evolution.
  • Retrotransposons are implicated in prenatal development, aging, and disease.
  • Existing genome browsers lack specialized features for visualizing retrotransposon insertion evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a specialized genome browser for visualizing retrotransposon insertion evidence.
  • To facilitate the analysis of both targeted and whole-genome sequencing data for retrotransposon studies.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a specialized bioinformatics tool named TranspoScope.
  • Implementation of visualization features for retrotransposon insertion evidence.
  • Compatibility with targeted and whole-genome sequencing data.

Main Results:

  • TranspoScope enables effective visualization of experimental evidence for retrotransposon insertions.
  • The tool supports analysis across different sequencing data types.
  • Source code and installation instructions are publicly available.

Conclusions:

  • TranspoScope addresses the limitations of current genome browsers for retrotransposon research.
  • This tool can aid in understanding the role of retrotransposons in human biology and disease.
  • The availability of TranspoScope promotes further research in the field of mobile genetic elements.