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Factors Influencing Equine Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge.

Anna Garber1, Peter Hastie1, Jo-Anne Murray1

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
|April 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine gut microbiota impacts horse health, with factors like diet and stress causing imbalances. Understanding these changes is key to developing future microbiome-targeted therapies for horses.

Keywords:
16S rRNA gene sequencingEquineGut microbiotaHorseMicrobiomeNGS

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Area of Science:

  • Equine microbiology
  • Gastrointestinal health
  • Animal welfare

Background:

  • The gastrointestinal microbiota is vital for nutrient digestion and maintaining horse health.
  • Imbalances in gut microbes can lead to serious conditions like colic and laminitis.
  • Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have advanced our understanding of equine gut microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on equine microbiome studies.
  • To focus on factors influencing the equine gastrointestinal microbiota.
  • To synthesize information on how nutrition, medical treatments, and other factors affect horse gut health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of equine microbiome studies.
  • Analysis of factors impacting gut microbial composition.
  • Synthesis of findings related to microbial diversity, richness, and specific bacterial populations.

Main Results:

  • Negative changes include decreased microbial diversity, richness, and stability.
  • Key shifts involve reductions in beneficial Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and increases in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus.
  • Decreases in lactic acid-utilizing and anti-inflammatory butyrate-producing bacteria are noted.

Conclusions:

  • Factors such as nutrition, management, medical treatments, and stress significantly influence equine gut microbiota.
  • Consistent shifts in major phyla like Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are not always observed.
  • The acquired knowledge provides a foundation for future manipulation of horse gut microbiota.