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Temporal arteritis: clinical aids to diagnosis.

L Fernandez-Herlihy1

  • 1Section of Rheumatology, Lahey Clinic Medical Center, Burlington, MA 01805.

The Journal of Rheumatology
|December 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Temporal arteritis (TA) diagnosis is supported by specific symptoms like jaw claudication and elevated ESR. Histological confirmation is crucial, but clinical signs can guide treatment when biopsy is negative.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Temporal arteritis (TA) is a vasculitis affecting medium-to-large arteries, primarily the temporal arteries.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the clinical and laboratory findings associated with positive temporal artery biopsy results.
  • To determine the specificity of certain symptoms and clinical criteria for diagnosing TA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 107 patients who underwent temporal artery biopsy between 1982 and 1987.
  • Analysis of clinical symptoms (jaw claudication, anemia, anorexia) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in relation to biopsy findings.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-nine patients (27%) had positive temporal artery biopsy results for TA.
  • Patients with TA exhibited significantly higher rates of jaw claudication, anemia, anorexia, and elevated ESR compared to those with negative biopsies.
  • Jaw claudication and specific symptom clusters were highly specific for positive biopsy results.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical criteria, particularly jaw claudication, are valuable indicators for suspected temporal arteritis.
  • Histological confirmation via temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard for TA diagnosis.
  • Steroid treatment should be considered for patients with strong clinical evidence of TA, even with negative biopsy findings.

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