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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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Heterogeneity in Brain Microstructural Development Following Preterm Birth.

Ralica Dimitrova1,2, Maximilian Pietsch1, Daan Christiaens1,3

  • 1Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|April 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain development in preterm infants is highly variable. Individual differences in brain microstructure deviations predict neurocognitive outcomes at 18 months, highlighting the need for personalized assessments.

Keywords:
biological heterogeneityearly brain developmentneonatal MRIneurodevelopmentprematurity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Preterm birth increases lifelong neurodevelopmental risks.
  • Group MRI analyses show group differences but not individual prognosis.
  • Cerebral injury heterogeneity in preterm infants is underrecognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess variability in atypical brain microstructural development in preterm infants.
  • To link individual brain deviations to prematurity and neurocognition.

Main Methods:

  • Used Gaussian process regression for single-infant inference.
  • Characterized typical brain microstructure (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity) in 270 term-born neonates.
  • Compared 82 preterm infants to normative data to identify atypical regions.

Main Results:

  • Preterm infants exhibited highly heterogeneous deviations from typical brain development.
  • Deviations showed little spatial overlap between individuals.
  • A whole-brain atypicality index correlated with prematurity and predicted poorer 18-month cognitive/language abilities.

Conclusions:

  • Brain microstructural development post-preterm birth is significantly variable between infants.
  • This heterogeneity is crucial for understanding brain injury etiology and prognosis.
  • Individualized assessment of brain development is essential for preterm infants.