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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

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Evaluating Semantic Knowledge Through a Semantic Association Task in Individuals With Dementia.

Claudio Luzzatti1, Ilaria Mauri1, Stefania Castiglioni2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

American Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease and Other Dementias
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) selectively impair conceptual knowledge. Different dementia types show distinct patterns of semantic association deficits, impacting object concept understanding.

Keywords:
dissociated semantic impairmentmultiple semantic systemsneurodegenerative diseasessemantic association tasksemantic breakdownsemantic knowledge

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • Conceptual knowledge relies on specialized semantic systems for processing object properties.
  • Semantic associations, including categorical, encyclopedic, functional, and visual-encyclopedic, underpin conceptual understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) on different types of semantic associations.
  • To characterize selective impairments in conceptual knowledge within neurodegenerative disease populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and administered a novel picture-to-picture matching task (semantic association task, SAT).
  • Tested 40 AD patients, 13 bv-FTD patients, 6 primary progressive aphasia (PPA) patients, and 37 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed within-group differences and performed single-case analyses to identify dissociations.

Main Results:

  • bv-FTD patients exhibited a global impairment across all tested semantic association types (categorical, encyclopedic, functional, visual-encyclopedic).
  • AD patients showed a disproportionate deficit in encyclopedic and functional associations, with relative preservation of categorical and visual-encyclopedic associations.
  • Single-case analyses revealed distinct patterns of semantic impairment across all dementia groups.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual knowledge deficits are selective and vary depending on the underlying neurodegenerative disease.
  • The specific cognitive processes disrupted in AD and bv-FTD lead to differential impacts on semantic association types.
  • Understanding these selective impairments is crucial for diagnosing and managing neurodegenerative conditions affecting cognition.