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Morphological Analysis of the Human Maxillary Sinus Using Three-Dimensional Printing.

Nadia Araneda1, Marcelo Parra1,2, Wilfredo A González-Arriagada3

  • 1Division of Oral, Facial and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing of maxillary sinuses (MS) from cone-beam computed tomography images allows for detailed morphological analysis. This study presents a novel classification for MS morphology, noting significant volume differences between genders.

Keywords:
Maxillary sinussinus morphologythree-dimensional printing

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Radiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The maxillary sinus (MS) is a pyramid-shaped cavity within the maxilla.
  • Accurate morphological analysis of the MS is crucial for various clinical applications.
  • Traditional 2D imaging may limit the detailed observation of complex sinus anatomy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel strategy for the morphological analysis of the maxillary sinus.
  • To utilize three-dimensional (3D) printing derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for enhanced visualization.
  • To develop a classification system for maxillary sinus morphology.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, exploratory, single-blind study involving 24 subjects.
  • Bilateral reconstruction and 3D virtual modeling of maxillary sinuses.
  • Generation of 48 physical 3D printed models for analysis.
  • Statistical analysis including normality tests and significance testing (P < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • The mean maxillary sinus volume was 15.38 cm³ (±6.83 cm³), ranging from 5.4 cm³ to 30.8 cm³.
  • No significant bilateral differences in MS volume were found within individuals (P = 0.353).
  • The most prevalent MS morphology was pyramidal with a square base (66.7%).
  • Significant gender-based differences were observed in left MS volume (P = 0.009), with men exhibiting larger volumes (19.69 cm³) than women (12.28 cm³).

Conclusions:

  • Three-dimensional printing provides superior visualization of maxillary sinus anatomical features compared to 2D imaging.
  • A new classification system aids in analyzing sinus morphology.
  • Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended for more conclusive findings.