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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists01:24

Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists

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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Recent Advances in Insulin Therapy.

Leah M Wilson1, Jessica R Castle1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|April 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Recent insulin therapy innovations include ultra-rapid and ultra-long-acting analogs. Further advancements in insulin formulations are currently under development for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Basal insulinInhaled insulinInsulin analogOral insulinUltra-fast acting insulin analogs

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Insulin therapy remains a cornerstone in diabetes management.
  • Significant progress has been made in developing novel insulin formulations.
  • The evolution of insulin analogs aims to mimic physiological insulin secretion more closely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in insulin therapy.
  • To highlight novel insulin formulations currently in development.
  • To provide an overview of the current landscape and future directions in insulin treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of commercially available and investigational insulin products.
  • Synthesis of information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of new analogs.

Main Results:

  • Ultra-rapid-acting and ultra-long-acting insulin analogs are now widely available.
  • Several new insulin formulations are in various stages of clinical development.
  • These novel insulins offer potential benefits in glycemic control and patient convenience.

Conclusions:

  • The field of insulin therapy is rapidly evolving with innovative product launches.
  • Ongoing research promises further improvements in insulin treatment options.
  • These developments are expected to enhance the management of diabetes mellitus.