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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
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Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

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The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
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Muscle Coordination and Action01:24

Muscle Coordination and Action

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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement....
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Shoulder Conditions: Rotator Cuff Injuries and Bursitis.

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Subacromial impingement syndrome, a common cause of shoulder pain, involves rotator cuff tendon issues. Treatment ranges from conservative therapies to surgical repair, depending on severity and individual factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Subacromial impingement/pain syndrome is a prevalent cause of shoulder pain.
  • It involves a range of rotator cuff tendon and subacromial bursa pathologies, from inflammation to tears.
  • Biomechanical dysfunction of the rotator cuff and glenohumeral complex is a key contributor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and management strategies for subacromial impingement/pain syndrome.
  • To highlight the spectrum of rotator cuff tendon pathology.
  • To discuss the role of biomechanical factors in the progression of the condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of subacromial impingement/pain syndrome.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including repetitive overhead activity.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic imaging modalities like MRI and ultrasonography.
  • Synthesis of current management approaches, from conservative to surgical.

Main Results:

  • Repetitive overhead activity is the most common risk factor.
  • Rotator cuff conditions can present insidiously or acutely.
  • Imaging studies are valuable for assessing soft tissue pathology and tears.
  • Management is multifactorial, considering chronicity, anatomy, biomechanics, age, and tear severity.

Conclusions:

  • Subacromial impingement/pain syndrome requires a comprehensive approach to management.
  • Conservative treatments like physical therapy and injections are primary interventions.
  • Surgical repair may be necessary for severe or persistent cases.