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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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A framework for parsing heritable information.

Antony M Jose1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, Room 2136, Bioscience Research Building (Building #413), College Park, MD 20742, USA.

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|April 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an entity-sensor-property framework to explain how living systems transmit heritable information and drive development. This model details how molecular configurations and their sensed properties enable complex heredity and evolution.

Keywords:
homeostasisinformation theorysynthetic biologysystems biologytransgenerational inheritance

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Living systems rely on replicating gene sequences and cycling regulators for heritable information transmission.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of heredity and development is crucial for deciphering life's complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel framework for heredity and development based on an organism's self-sensing capabilities.
  • To define entities, their sensors, and sensed properties to explain information transmission and developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • Defining molecular entities (small molecules, macromolecules, assemblies) and their associated sensors.
  • Characterizing the properties sensed by these entities (e.g., concentration, sequence, conformation).
  • Analyzing how configurations of entities and sensors are recreated across generations.

Main Results:

  • The framework integrates entities, sensors, and sensed properties to explain information storage and transmission in biological systems.
  • It clarifies how sensors limit distinguishable states and how distinct molecular configurations can be functionally equivalent.
  • The model explains how sensor regulation impacts the detection of environmental perturbations.

Conclusions:

  • The entity-sensor-property framework provides a comprehensive guide to understanding heredity, development, and evolution.
  • It highlights the co-evolution of information storage with biological complexity, tracing back to before the origin of life.