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Plant Hormones

Plant Hormones

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.

Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Responses to Salt Stress

Responses to Salt Stress

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop production by influencing photosynthesis and the absorption of water and nutrients.

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...

Amines: Introduction

Amines: Introduction

Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

Published on: June 25, 2018

Plant Polyamines.

Taku Takahashi¹

¹Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 23, 2020

Summary

Polyamines are vital organic compounds in all life forms. Research highlights their crucial roles in plant physiology, particularly polyamine oxidation

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Plant Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Polyamines are positively charged organic molecules interacting with nucleic acids and proteins.
In plants, polyamines, often conjugated, regulate diverse physiological functions.
Recent research focuses on polyamine biosynthesis, catabolism, and cellular roles.

Discussion:

Polyamine oxidation, a key catabolic route, is increasingly linked to hydrogen peroxide production.
This Special Issue explores novel findings in plant polyamine biology.
Understanding polyamine metabolism offers insights into plant cellular processes.

Key Insights:

Polyamines modulate DNA, RNA, and protein activity due to their charge.
Conjugated polyamines play significant roles in plant physiological processes.

Keywords:

copper amine oxidase polyamine oxidase spermidine spermine stress response thermospermine

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Last Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

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Polyamine oxidation is a potential source of hydrogen peroxide in plants.

Outlook:

Further research into plant polyamine pathways is encouraged.
Connecting polyamine research with other biological fields is vital.
This work aims to stimulate new investigations in plant polyamine biology.