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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs02:57

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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts01:13

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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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In Vivo Nanovector Delivery of a Heart-specific MicroRNA-sponge
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miRNAs in Lung Development and Diseases.

Eistine Boateng1, Susanne Krauss-Etschmann1,2

  • 1Early Life Origins of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|April 23, 2020
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Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), are crucial regulators of lung development and health. Dysregulation of these molecules contributes to lung diseases like COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Keywords:
humanlung developmentlung diseasesmiRNAmouse

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Lung development involves complex molecular signaling pathways.
  • Small RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), play critical roles in regulating gene expression during lung development.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is implicated in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory roles of miRNAs in lung development.
  • To discuss the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of specific lung diseases, including COPD, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • To explore the implications of miRNA research for human lung health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on miRNA function in lung development and disease.
  • Analysis of existing research on miRNA expression patterns in healthy and diseased lungs.
  • Synthesis of findings to highlight the significance of miRNAs in lung biology.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs act as key modulators of cellular processes, organ formation, and maturation during lung development.
  • Specific miRNAs are found to be dysregulated in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • The accumulation and activity of small RNAs are influenced by the physiological environment both in utero and postnatally.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are essential regulators of normal lung development and homeostasis.
  • Targeting specific miRNAs presents potential therapeutic strategies for various lung diseases.
  • Understanding miRNA functions offers insights into maintaining and improving human lung health.