Radiation-Induced Cerebro-Ophthalmic Effects in Humans

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Ophthalmology
• Radiology

Background:

• Ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can negatively impact human brain function and vision.
• Children and individuals exposed prenatally are particularly vulnerable to radiation effects and neurodegeneration.
• Ophthalmic effects like cataracts and optic neuropathy are common in adults exposed to IR.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze existing literature on the effects of IR on the brain and eyes.
• To integrate personal research findings with the current body of knowledge.
• To propose the concept of an "eye-brain axis" and its diagnostic implications.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Searched major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Google Scholar).
• Included English papers published between January 2000 and January 2020.

Main Results:

• Prenatal and childhood IR exposure increases risks for radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Adults, particularly medical professionals, frequently develop IR-induced eye conditions (cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, retinopathy, angiopathy).
• These eye conditions can be associated with neurocognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

• The "eye-brain axis" describes the bidirectional relationship between eye alterations and brain dysfunction.
• Eye pathologies may serve as early, accessible biomarkers for low-dose IR-induced brain damage.
• Further research into the eye-brain axis is crucial for understanding and managing IR-related health risks.