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Hypoxia-Driven Immune Escape in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Alyssa Vito1, Nader El-Sayes1, Karen Mossman2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.

Cells
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment drives immune escape and poor outcomes. However, this low-oxygen state can also trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD), presenting new therapeutic opportunities in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex system involving diverse cells, vasculature, and cytokines.
  • Tumor growth leads to hypoxia (low oxygen), associated with poor prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, and immune evasion.
  • Hypoxia-driven cell death was traditionally considered tolerogenic, but new research reveals its potential to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hypoxia in driving immune escape and poor clinical outcomes.
  • To discuss the capacity of hypoxia to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD).
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets within hypoxia-related pathways for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the interplay between hypoxia, immune escape, and cell death in tumors.
  • Analysis of current research on hypoxia-induced immunogenic cell death (ICD).
  • Exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting hypoxia pathways in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxia promotes tumor immune escape, contributing to poor patient prognosis.
  • Contrary to previous beliefs, hypoxia can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) in certain contexts.
  • Specific hypoxia-driven pathways represent promising targets for novel cancer immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding hypoxia's dual role in immune evasion and ICD is crucial for advancing cancer immunotherapy.
  • Targeting hypoxia pathways offers a promising strategy to overcome treatment resistance and improve patient outcomes.
  • Further research into hypoxia-induced ICD may unlock new therapeutic avenues for various cancers.