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Related Concept Videos

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
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Dynamic post-activation potentiation protocol improves rowing performance in experienced female rowers.

Idan Harat1,2, Nicolas W Clark1,2, David Boffey1,2

  • 1Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA.

Journal of Sports Sciences
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Dynamic potentiating warm-ups improved rowing performance in experienced female athletes, enhancing distance, mean power, and anaerobic capacity. These potentiation strategies may boost power output over shorter durations for all rowers.

Keywords:
PAPPotentiationendurancefemaleperformancerowing

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is known to enhance acute power performance.
  • Its effect on endurance performance, particularly in rowing, remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of isometric (ISO) and dynamic (DYN) potentiating warm-ups on rowing performance in collegiate female rowers.
  • To compare these protocols against a control (CON) condition.

Main Methods:

  • Forty female rowers underwent three warm-up protocols: ISO, DYN, and CON.
  • Following warm-ups, they completed a three-minute all-out rowing test measuring total distance, peak power, mean power, critical power, anaerobic working capacity (W'), and stroke rate.
  • Participants were categorized into high and low experience groups based on median experience (3.75 years).

Main Results:

  • Experienced rowers showed significant improvements in distance (+5.6 m), mean power (+5.9 W), and W' (+1561.6 J) with DYN compared to CON (p < 0.05).
  • No significant differences were observed for less experienced rowers.
  • DYN significantly increased mean power compared to CON and ISO across multiple 15-second intervals, irrespective of experience level.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic potentiating warm-ups may enhance performance in experienced female rowers.
  • These potentiation strategies show potential for improving power output over shorter durations, regardless of athlete experience.