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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

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Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:
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Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:30

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

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The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

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The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
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Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

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Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...
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Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection
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Emphysematous Pancreatitis in the Elderly.

Yu-Jang Su1, Yen-Chun Lai2, Chin-Yao Chou3

  • 1Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Elderly patients with emphysematous pancreatitis (EP) show higher rates of biliary and alcohol-related causes, presenting with more shock and requiring more surgery than younger patients. Prompt intervention is crucial for elderly individuals with this rare condition.

Keywords:
ElderlyEmphysematous pancreatitisEpigastric pain

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Gastroenterology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Emphysematous pancreatitis (EP) is a rare medical emergency characterized by intraparenchymal pancreatic gas due to necrotizing infection.
  • Understanding the distinct epidemiological and clinical features of EP in elderly versus non-elderly populations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of emphysematous pancreatitis between elderly (≥65 years) and non-elderly (<65 years) patients.
  • To identify specific risk factors and clinical characteristics that differentiate EP presentation in these age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed for studies on emphysematous pancreatitis and gas-forming pancreatitis from 1959 to 2019.
  • Data from 58 patients across 42 articles were analyzed, comparing a group of 25 elderly patients (≥65 years) with 33 non-elderly patients (<65 years).
  • Statistical analysis included Student's t-test and chi-square test to compare demographic, clinical, etiological, and outcome data.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol- and biliary-related EP were significantly more frequent in the elderly (36% vs. 9.1%).
  • Elderly patients experienced less frequent fever (36% vs. 69.7%) but presented with more severe shock (68% vs. 33.3%) and underwent more surgical interventions (60% vs. 30.3%) compared to non-elderly patients.
  • Biliary pancreatitis was the most common etiology in the elderly group.

Conclusions:

  • Biliary pancreatitis is the predominant form of EP in the elderly, often presenting atypically with reduced fever, increased shock severity, and a higher need for surgical intervention.
  • Early and aggressive management, including adequate antibiotics, assisted drainage, and prompt surgical intervention, is essential for improving outcomes in elderly patients with emphysematous pancreatitis to prevent shock.