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Related Concept Videos

What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

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Overview
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Initiation of Translation02:33

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Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Introduction to Metabolism01:30

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Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Translation01:31

Translation

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Immunometabolism: From basic mechanisms to translation.

Liza Makowski1, Mehdi Chaib2, Jeffrey C Rathmell3

  • 1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

Immunological Reviews
|April 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunometabolism links immune cell function and metabolic pathways. Understanding these connections offers new therapeutic strategies for diseases like cancer and metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:
autoimmunityimmune-mediated diseasesinfectious diseasesmet

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Area of Science:

  • * Immunometabolism: The intersection of immunology and cellular metabolism.
  • * Exploring the intricate relationship between immune cell function and metabolic regulation.

Background:

  • * Early links between inflammation, obesity, and metabolic disease.
  • * Cancer metabolism research expanded focus to intrinsic immune cell metabolic pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review key themes in immunometabolism research.
  • * To highlight the influence of metabolic signaling on immune cell fate and function.
  • * To identify opportunities for clinical translation of immunometabolism findings.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of immunometabolism research.
  • * Synthesis of findings on metabolic pathways in immune cells.
  • * Analysis of microenvironmental influences on immune cell metabolism.

Main Results:

  • * Metabolic pathways are integral to immune cell signaling and differentiation.
  • * Immune cells adopt specific metabolic programs based on their state and tissue microenvironment.
  • * Metabolic signaling dictates immune cell fate and function.

Conclusions:

  • * Immunometabolism is a critical regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • * Understanding immunometabolism provides a basis for novel therapeutic targets.
  • * Clinical translation of immunometabolism research holds promise for treating cancer, autoimmunity, and metabolic syndrome.