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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

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A Soft Material Flow Sensor for Micro Air Vehicles.

Johan Sundin¹, Katherine Kokmanian², Matthew K Fu³

¹Department of Engineering Mechanics, Linné FLOW Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

|April 23, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new soft material airspeed sensor uses elastic filament velocimetry to measure airflow by detecting ribbon strain. This low-power, lightweight sensor is ideal for micro air vehicles (MAVs) and can be manufactured easily.

Keywords:

PDMS flow measurements micro air vehicles soft sensor stretchable electronics

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Aerospace Engineering
Sensor Technology

Background:

Efficient control and navigation of micro air vehicles (MAVs) require small, lightweight, durable, sensitive, fast, and low-power airspeed sensors.
Soft materials offer advantages over traditional materials due to their ability to withstand large deformations, making them suitable for sensor design.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel soft material flow sensor concept based on elastic filament velocimetry.
To demonstrate a sensor fulfilling the criteria for micro air vehicle (MAV) applications.

Main Methods:

The sensor measures flow velocity by relating it to the strain of a soft polydimethylsiloxane ribbon suspended between supports.
The ribbon is made piezoresistive with silver nanowires, allowing flow velocity calibration to resistance change.
Manufacturing utilizes common laboratory tools, avoiding cleanroom requirements, and operation uses a simple, lightweight circuit.

Main Results:

The sensor successfully measured air flow velocities down to 4 m/s in experimental tests.
A time-dependent analytical model indicates a sensor bandwidth of 480 Hz.
Sensitivity and bandwidth are tunable by altering ribbon geometry and material properties.

Conclusions:

The developed soft material flow sensor is a viable, convenient alternative for MAVs.
The sensor's design offers tunable performance characteristics and simplified manufacturing.
Further research is needed to address challenges like polymer creep for enhanced durability.