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Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Continuous-wave Thulium Laser for Heating Cultured Cells to Investigate Cellular Thermal Effects
Published on: June 30, 2017
Siyu Liu1,2, Chun-Yu Ou1, C Richard Liu1,2
1School of Industrial Engineering (Materials and Manufacturing Group), Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States of America.
Pulsed lasers enable precise nanomanufacturing. A new heat transfer model links laser parameters to ZnO crystal growth, controlling size and number density for advanced material synthesis.
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