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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 23, 2025

Controlled Rotation of Human Observers in a Virtual Reality Environment
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Measuring perceived self-location in virtual reality.

Estelle Nakul1, Nicolas Orlando-Dessaints1, Bigna Lenggenhager2

  • 1Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC, FR3C, Marseille, France.

Scientific Reports
|April 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Third-person perspective full-body illusions (3PP-FBI) can be measured without locomotion. Synchronous multisensory stimulation enhances self-location illusions, especially during mental imagery tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Virtual Reality Research
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Third-person perspective full-body illusions (3PP-FBI) manipulate perceived self-location using multisensory input.
  • Traditional self-location measurement relies on locomotion, which can confound results due to sensory modulation.
  • A novel, non-locomotive method is needed to accurately assess self-location illusions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new measure of perceived self-location in immersive virtual reality without requiring participant locomotion.
  • To investigate the impact of synchronous versus asynchronous visuo-tactile stimulation on self-location illusions.
  • To compare the effectiveness of a locomotion task versus a mental imagery task in eliciting self-location illusions.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-five participants experienced tactile stimulation on their back, mirrored synchronously or asynchronously on a virtual avatar.
  • Participants performed a classic locomotion task and a novel mental imagery task involving a virtual ball.
  • Self-identification with the avatar, presence, bi-location, and disembodiment were measured.

Main Results:

  • Synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation significantly increased self-identification with the avatar in both tasks compared to asynchronous stimulation.
  • The mental imagery task, under synchronous stimulation, showed a greater self-relocation towards the avatar.
  • Enhanced reports of presence, bi-location, and disembodiment were observed exclusively in the synchronous condition during the mental imagery task.

Conclusions:

  • Avoiding multisensory updating during locomotion may improve the measurement of illusory self-location.
  • Perceptual tasks, like mental imagery, are more effective than motor tasks for measuring self-location illusions.
  • This study introduces a refined method for investigating self-location perception in virtual environments.