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Risk factors for astigmatic components and internal compensation: the Nanjing Eye Study
Zijin Wang1, Haohai Tong1, Qingfeng Hao1
1Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
Eye (London, England)
|April 24, 2020
Summary
This study identified key risk factors for astigmatism in Chinese children. Formula feeding was linked to lower risks of anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) and total astigmatism (TA), while older paternal age increased TA risk.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pediatric Optometry
- Public Health
Background:
- Astigmatism is a common refractive error in children.
- Understanding its risk factors is crucial for early intervention and prevention strategies.
- Previous research has identified various genetic and environmental factors, but more data is needed for specific populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the risk factors associated with total astigmatism (TA), anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), and internal ocular compensation mechanisms in Chinese preschool children.
- To identify both established and novel risk factors contributing to astigmatism development in this demographic.
Main Methods:
- A population-based study, the Nanjing Eye Study, included 1327 preschool children.
- Data collected included noncycloplegic refractive error, biometric parameters, and parental/environmental questionnaires.
- Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to analyze risk factors for TA, ACA, and internal compensation.
Main Results:
- Older child age, older paternal age, parental astigmatism, and prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke were associated with higher TA risk.
- Formula feeding was linked to lower risks for both TA and ACA.
- Increased axial length to corneal radius ratio, maternal working during pregnancy, and cesarean delivery were associated with higher ACA risk.
- Paternal astigmatism and assisted reproduction were linked to lower risks of horizontal/vertical internal compensation.
- Increased outdoor activity time was associated with higher oblique internal compensation risk, while more nighttime sleep on weekends was associated with lower risk.
Conclusions:
- The study confirmed known risk factors for astigmatism and identified novel associations.
- Formula feeding emerged as a protective factor against both ACA and TA.
- Older paternal age at birth was identified as a risk factor for TA.
- These findings highlight the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors in pediatric astigmatism.
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