[Cognitive deficit in children with hyperkinetic disorder].
R F Gasanov1, I V Makarov1,2, D A Emelina1
1Bekhterev National Research Medical Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Peterburg, Russia.
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni S.S. Korsakova
|April 24, 2020
Summary
This review explores cognitive deficits in children with hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), examining potential pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological factors contributing to the condition.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pediatrics
- Child Psychology
Background:
- Hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), characterized by attention deficits and hyperactivity, presents significant cognitive challenges in children.
- Understanding the underlying neurobiology is crucial for effective intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current data on cognitive deficits in children with HKD.
- To explore potential pathophysiological mechanisms and neurobiological underpinnings of HKD.
- To link functional connections to clinical manifestations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on hyperkinetic disorder.
- Analysis of neurobiological components and functional connections.
- Synthesis of data on cognitive deficits and clinical presentations.
Main Results:
- Cognitive deficits are a key feature of HKD in children.
- Pathophysiological mechanisms involve disrupted functional connections in the brain.
- Specific clinical manifestations are linked to these neurobiological alterations.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive deficits in HKD stem from underlying neurobiological factors.
- Targeting pathological functional connections may offer therapeutic avenues.
- Further research into neurobiology can refine HKD diagnosis and treatment.
Keywords:
attention deficitcognitive deficitexecutive functionshyperkinetic disorderimpulsivityworking memoryMore Related Videos
13:09Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
Published on: April 1, 2018
10.8K
10:02Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
Published on: March 12, 2020
16.5K
Related Concept Videos
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
652
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
652
01:30Information Processing Approach
403
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
403
01:25Learning Disabilities
522
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
522
01:30Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions
422
Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
Thought Disorders
Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes...
422
01:28Conduct Disorder
396
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
396
01:30Oppositional Defiant Disorder
500
A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Diagnostic Criteria and...
500