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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

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Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
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Related Experiment Video

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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation

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Glycopeptide Hypersensitivity and Adverse Reactions.

Vanthida Huang1, Nicola A Clayton2, Kimberly H Welker3

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Midwestern University College of Pharmacy-Glendale, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.

Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Glycopeptides like vancomycin treat MRSA infections and C. difficile. Hypersensitivity reactions, including Redman Syndrome, are rare but important to recognize and manage.

Keywords:
Redman Syndromedalbavancinglycopeptideshypersensitivitylipoglycopeptidesoritavancinteicoplanintelavancinvancomycin

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Glycopeptide Capture for Cell Surface Proteomics
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Related Experiment Videos

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Peptide Scanning-assisted Identification of a Monoclonal Antibody-recognized Linear B-cell Epitope
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin) and lipoglycopeptides (dalbavancin, oritavancin, telavancin) are crucial for treating MRSA infections.
  • Parenteral glycopeptides are first-line for severe MRSA, while oral vancomycin treats C. difficile infections.
  • Vancomycin serves as an alternative for patients with beta-lactam hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe various hypersensitivity reactions to glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides.
  • To differentiate true allergic reactions from infusion-related events like Redman Syndrome.
  • To discuss cross-reactivity patterns among these antimicrobial agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of glycopeptide and lipoglycopeptide hypersensitivity.
  • Analysis of reported cases of immune-mediated and delayed reactions.
  • Categorization of reactions including IgE-mediated, Redman Syndrome, and linear IgA bullous dermatosis.

Main Results:

  • Common adverse effects include nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and Redman Syndrome (RMS).
  • RMS is a histamine-mediated infusion reaction, not a true IgE-mediated allergy.
  • Immune-mediated and delayed hypersensitivity reactions to glycopeptides are reported, with potential cross-reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the spectrum of glycopeptide hypersensitivity is vital for safe clinical practice.
  • Distinguishing RMS from true allergy is key to appropriate patient management.
  • Awareness of cross-reactivity is important when selecting alternative therapies.