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Mechanical Shielding in Plant Nuclei.

Rituparna Goswami1, Atef Asnacios2, Pascale Milani3

  • 1Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France; Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, INRAE, CNRS, Lyon 69364, France.

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|April 25, 2020
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Summary

Plant cell nuclei change shape and stiffness under osmotic stress, impacting gene expression. Nuclear envelope proteins regulate this response, offering insights into plant stress adaptation.

Keywords:
AFMArabidopsisGIP/MZT1hyperosmotic stressmicro-rheometrynuclear envelopenuclear mechanicsnuclear shaperoot tiptouch gene

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nuclear geometry and stiffness influence chromatin and gene expression in animal cells.
  • Understanding these nuclear mechanics in multicellular plants under varying environments is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological relevance of nuclear mechanical changes in response to osmotic stress in Arabidopsis roots.
  • To identify molecular players regulating the nuclear response to osmotic stress.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Arabidopsis root as a model system.
  • Combined morphometry and micro-rheometry to analyze nuclear properties.
  • Investigated gene expression changes, particularly for touch response genes.
  • Analyzed a mutant impaired in gamma-tubulin complex protein 3 (GCP3) interacting protein (GIP)/MZT1 proteins.

Main Results:

  • Hyperosmotic stress decreased nuclear circularity and size, while increasing stiffness in meristematic cells.
  • These nuclear changes correlated with enhanced expression of touch response genes.
  • Nuclear response was reversible upon return to iso-osmotic conditions and showed opposite trends under hypo-osmotic stress.
  • A gip1gip2 mutant exhibited insensitive nuclei to osmotic changes, showing constitutive hyperosmotic stress response and resistance to lethal conditions.
  • Chromatin behaves as a gel that stiffens under hyperosmotic stress.

Conclusions:

  • Unraveled a stereotypical geometric, mechanical, and genetic nuclear response to hyperosmotic stress in plants.
  • Nuclear-envelope-associated GIPs act as negative regulators of osmotic-induced nuclear stiffening.
  • Chromatin stiffening under hyperosmotic stress is a key component of this response.