Surgical apprenticeship in the era of simulation
1Service de chirurgie viscérale infantile, CHRU de Nancy, hôpital Brabois enfants, allée du Morvan, 54500 Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France; École de Chirurgie de Nancy-Lorraine, Campus Santé, 9, avenue de la Forêt-de-Haye BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-Lès-Nancy cedex, France; Hôpital Virtuel de Lorraine, Campus Santé, 9, avenue de la Fôret-de-Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
Abstract:
The new tools for transmission of knowledge and skills (simulation, surgery broadcast, virtual reality, augmented reality…) offer novel opportunities for training through mentoring. The peer network is widened; the dissemination of knowledge is accelerated. The new ways of teaching bring benefit to each aspect of the surgical profession: clinical reasoning, performance of technical procedures, stress management, communication and management of severe or exceptional adverse events. Previously, confined to surgical teams, mentoring has been extended to simulation centers, which are becoming virtual hospitals, and it has been prolonged on the Internet via social networks. In the sphere of digital mentoring, objectives are henceforth more structured, skills assessment is more standardized, phases of apprenticeship are redefined, and individualized training contracts are formalized.
