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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • High-pressure experimental petrology
  • Mineral physics

Background:

  • Diamond formation in Earth's mantle is a topic of significant scientific interest.
  • Previous studies relied on geochemical analysis, high-pressure experiments, or theoretical models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate spontaneous diamond crystallization from methane-rich fluids under deep lithospheric mantle conditions.
  • To explore novel mechanisms driving diamond formation in the absence of seed crystals or carbides.
  • To investigate implications for sublithospheric diamond origins and the deep carbon cycle.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure (5-7 GPa) experiments simulating deep cratonic lithospheric mantle conditions.
  • Utilizing methane (CH4)-rich fluids with oxygen fugacity above metal saturation.
  • Employing a novel experimental technique for generating reduced fluids.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous crystallization of diamond from nearly pure methane fluid was achieved.
  • Identified mechanisms include silicate mineral hydroxylation, hydrogen incorporation, and graphite etching/reprecipitation.
  • Demonstrated a new technique for high-pressure reduced fluid generation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide new insights into natural diamond formation processes in the deep Earth.
  • The study has implications for understanding the origin of sublithospheric diamonds.
  • The developed technique is valuable for diamond synthesis and studying mantle metasomatism and the deep carbon cycle.